Ingrezza (valbenazine) is a medication primarily prescribed to treat tardive dyskinesia (TD), a movement disorder that often arises as a side effect of antipsychotic medications. Developed by Neurocrine Biosciences, Ingrezza (valbenazine) works by regulating the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain, which is crucial in controlling involuntary muscle movements. This article will delve into the uses, side effects, interactions, warnings, and dosing instructions for Ingrezza, providing a comprehensive guide to this important drug.
What is Ingrezza (Valbenazine)?
Ingrezza (valbenazine) is a selective vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor. This medication is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia, a condition characterized by repetitive and involuntary muscle movements, typically in the face, mouth, or limbs. Tardive dyskinesia is often a result of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs used to treat conditions such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
Ingrezza works by inhibiting the VMAT2 protein, which is responsible for transporting dopamine in the brain. By regulating dopamine activity, it reduces the excessive involuntary movements that define tardive dyskinesia.
Uses of Ingrezza (Valbenazine)
Ingrezza is primarily used to treat tardive dyskinesia in adults. It helps control the muscle movements that can affect a person's quality of life. While the drug is specifically approved for TD, it has shown promise in other areas, though further studies are needed. Here are the main uses:
- Tardive Dyskinesia: Ingrezza is most commonly prescribed to help manage involuntary muscle movements caused by long-term use of antipsychotic medications.
- Off-label Uses: Although Ingrezza is FDA-approved for TD, it is sometimes used off-label to treat other movement disorders, such as Huntington’s disease chorea and Parkinson's disease-related motor symptoms. However, its effectiveness for these conditions is still under research.
How Does Ingrezza (Valbenazine) Work?
Ingrezza’s active ingredient, valbenazine, works by blocking the VMAT2 protein in the brain. This protein is responsible for packaging dopamine into vesicles, which are then released into the brain. By inhibiting VMAT2, Ingrezza reduces the release of dopamine in areas of the brain involved in controlling movement. This action helps to normalize the activity of the basal ganglia, the region of the brain responsible for coordinating voluntary and involuntary movements.
Side Effects of Ingrezza (Valbenazine)
Like all medications, Ingrezza comes with a range of potential side effects. While not everyone will experience these, it is important to be aware of the possible reactions. Common side effects include:
- Sleepiness (Sedation): Many patients report feeling drowsy or tired after taking Ingrezza. This side effect is more common during the initial stages of treatment.
- Headache: Headaches are a common side effect in some patients using Ingrezza.
- Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or fatigued is another common effect, especially during the first few weeks of treatment.
- Dry Mouth: Some patients may experience a dry mouth, which can lead to discomfort and difficulty swallowing.
- Weight Gain: There is a risk of weight gain, especially with prolonged use of the drug.
In rare cases, more severe side effects may occur, such as:
- Parkinsonism: Some individuals may experience symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease, such as tremors or stiffness.
- Suicidal Thoughts: As with many medications affecting the brain, there may be a small risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviors.
- Serotonin Syndrome: This is a rare but serious condition that can occur if Ingrezza is taken with other medications that affect serotonin levels, such as antidepressants.
Ingrezza (Valbenazine) Drug Interactions
Ingrezza may interact with other medications, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Important interactions include:
- Antidepressants: Medications that affect serotonin, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome when taken with Ingrezza.
- Antipsychotics: Ingrezza is often used to manage tardive dyskinesia caused by antipsychotics, but combining it with other antipsychotic medications should be done cautiously.
- Medications for High Blood Pressure: Drugs that affect blood pressure may interact with Ingrezza, potentially causing fluctuations in blood pressure.
Warnings and Precautions
Before starting Ingrezza, there are several precautions to consider:
- Pregnancy: Ingrezza should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Always consult your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
- Liver Issues: Patients with liver problems should inform their healthcare provider, as Ingrezza is metabolized by the liver. Dose adjustments may be necessary for individuals with liver impairment.
- Suicidal Thoughts: Ingrezza may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviors, especially in those with a history of mental health issues. Close monitoring is advised during treatment.
- Elderly Patients: Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the side effects of Ingrezza, especially dizziness or sedation. Caution should be exercised when prescribing this medication to older adults.
Dosing of Ingrezza (Valbenazine)
The typical starting dose of Ingrezza is 40 mg per day, which can be increased to 80 mg per day depending on how the patient responds to the medication. It is important to take the medication exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider, and never adjust the dosage without consulting them first.
Ingrezza should be taken once a day, with or without food. If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered, unless it is almost time for the next dose. In such cases, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule.
Ingrezza (Valbenazine) Pictures
Ingrezza comes in capsule form, typically presented as a white to off-white tablet. The capsules are available in 40 mg and 80 mg dosages, and they are usually taken once daily.
Experiences with Ingrezza (Valbenazine)
Many patients have reported positive results from using Ingrezza for tardive dyskinesia. The medication has been a game-changer for many individuals who struggled with the involuntary movements associated with this condition. One user, Sarah, who had been taking antipsychotic medications for bipolar disorder, shared her experience:
"I was diagnosed with tardive dyskinesia after years of taking medication for my bipolar disorder. It was very frustrating dealing with uncontrollable movements, especially in my face. When my doctor prescribed Ingrezza, I noticed a difference within a couple of weeks. The movements became less frequent and less severe, and it really improved my quality of life."
However, some patients have experienced side effects that required them to adjust their dosage or switch medications. John, another patient, explained:
"I started Ingrezza a few months ago for my tardive dyskinesia, and while it helped with the movements, I started feeling extremely tired all the time. After discussing it with my doctor, we lowered the dose, and that seemed to help. It’s still not perfect, but the benefit outweighs the side effects for now."
Conclusion
Ingrezza (valbenazine) is a breakthrough medication for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. It offers significant relief for patients suffering from this condition, particularly those who have struggled with the side effects of long-term antipsychotic use. While it is generally well-tolerated, it is important to be aware of the potential side effects, drug interactions, and necessary precautions when taking Ingrezza. If you or a loved one are considering this medication, be sure to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan.